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LLM & Agentic
16

Planner-Executor Pattern

Separate planning from execution. The planner creates a step-by-step plan; the executor runs each step. Key advantage: the plan is inspectable and modifiable by humans before execution.

Planner-Executor Pipeline

Why separate planning from execution?

BENEFITHOW
Human reviewShow the plan to the user before running it. "I'm going to do these 4 steps. Proceed?"
Cost predictionPlan tells you how many steps → predict token cost before execution
Better debuggingIf step 3 fails, you know exactly what went wrong. Re-run from step 3, not from scratch
Re-planningIf step 2 returns unexpected data, re-plan remaining steps without restarting
ParallelismIndependent steps (1 and 2 have no dependencies) can run in parallel

Production implementation with re-planning

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