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Fine-Tuning: LoRA, QLoRA & When to Use Them

The complete guide to fine-tuning LLMs — decision framework, LoRA/QLoRA mechanics, distillation, data preparation, and evaluation.

Interview Tip: The #1 fine-tuning interview question: "When would you choose fine-tuning over prompt engineering?" The wrong answer: "When the model isn't good enough." The right answer discusses the specific axis of improvement — style/format consistency, domain vocabulary, latency reduction, cost reduction — and why that axis can't be addressed by prompt engineering or RAG alone.

When to Fine-Tune vs Prompt Engineer vs RAG

Model Customization Decision Tree

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