| NEED | USE | WHY |
|---|---|---|
| Fast lookup | set / dict | O(1) average |
| FIFO queue | collections.deque | O(1) at both ends |
| Priority queue | heapq | O(log N) insert/pop |
| Counting | Counter | Built-in most_common |
| Grouping | defaultdict(list) | No existence check needed |
| Sliding window | deque(maxlen=k) | Auto eviction |
| Cache | functools.lru_cache | Memoize pure functions |
| Immutable record | @dataclass(frozen=True) | Hashable + clear schema |
Pythonic idioms and patterns every AI engineer should know: comprehensions, generators, context managers, and clean code.
Quick guide to async Python: asyncio basics, await patterns, and concurrent task execution for AI applications.
Complete async Python guide: event loops, coroutines, task groups, semaphores, and production async patterns.
Python collections module deep dive: Counter, defaultdict, OrderedDict, namedtuple, and deque with interview examples.
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